nadim September 2nd, 2009
In his book Change and Habit: The Challenge of Our Times, one of the 20th century’s most respected historians, Arnold J. Toynbee, puts his in-depth knowledge of human history and his concerns for its future into focus. He suggests that to avoid self-destruction and move towards unification, humanity must make a radical break from deeply ingrained habits built up over many generations. In cross-referencing Toynbee’s findings with the Baha’i writings, we discover a striking harmony between lessons learnt from history and Baha’i guidelines on lasting peace.
4. Should we be worried?
While researching this post, I stumbled across this list of sci-fi clichés, the ones we are repeatedly subjected to in movies and TV shows. Here are a few:
- Today, we use crystals to make digital watches work. In the future, they’ll power entire starships.
- “Reversing the polarity” is the solution to virtually every engineering crisis. It’s the futuristic equivalent of “turning it off and on again”.
- Any intergalactic federation of planets will have a human president.
- In the future, individuality, creativity and sex will be outlawed – and suppressed by a daily dose of drugs – while overpopulation will be solved by enforced euthanasia. Or… only heavy-metal fans will survive the apocalypse.
Laughable as some of these scenarios are, isn’t it strange that when postulating about the future many of them will sneak their way into our frame of reference? Some, like the first three above, are laughed away and soon forgotten, whereas scenarios like the last one, a future devoid of individuality and creativity, are a little harder to shake.
Toynbee himself ponders the potential effect that a future world authority would have on human creativity, and presents the following fictional metaphor as a warning – based on the real-life stagnation and decline of the great Roman empire:
It is said to have been reported to one of the Roman emperors, as a piece of good news, that one of his subjects had invented a process for manufacturing unbreakable glass. The emperor gave orders that the inventor should be put to death and that the records of his invention should be destroyed. If the invention had been put on the market, the manufacturers of ordinary glass would have been put out of business; there would have been unemployment that would have caused political unrest, and perhaps revolution; and then the World might have been thrown back into the turmoil from which the Roman world-state had salvaged it.
The emperor clearly made an error of judgement by ordering the death of the inventor of unbreakable glass, much as he deemed it a necessary price to pay for maintaining the status quo. History has proven that states which stifle conscience and creativity are doomed to extinction (take for example the fate of the former Communist bloc).
It seems these days that humanity is caught between, on the one hand, acknowledgement that looming world catastrophes such as environmental or nuclear destruction can only permanently be addressed by having empowered world authorities, contrasted by a fear of “signing our lives and freedoms away” to the so-called mega state.
The result is a passionate debate within various strata in society, a debate that most Baha’is, as advocates of world unity, will at some point be engaged in. Let us examine, then, some of the common arguments or misconceptions against world governance and perhaps offer alternative views:
1. Loss of freedom. This particular fear, or variants of it, are certainly among the greatest of all barriers in peoples’ minds. But let’s turn this argument on it’s head. Today’s governments use and abuse the “freedom” of national sovereignty to spend hugely on increasingly sophisticated armaments, far beyond what is necessary. Consider, if checks and balances were enforced to prevent this from happening, just how much more money could be channeled towards improving education or providing better healthcare?
2. Greater bureaucracy. While this may be true in certain situations, it can also be stated that challenges such as reducing global warming could actually do with increased bureaucracy and sanction, rather than the carbon emission free-for-all occurring around us all the time.
3. Dictatorship. It is interesting to note that where the law of the land precludes dictatorship from happening, it generally doesn’t. Take the federated union of American states discussed in the previous part of this series, or more recently, the states which together formed the European Union. These two examples are key evidence that world governance does not necessarily imply dictatorship – and the power of the law can ensure it.
For the sake of brevity I will leave it there but would love to hear your own additions to this list. To end, I recall a talk delivered by one of my favourite Baha’i speakers, noted for his powers of intellect and occasional infusions of offbeat humour. Describing the vision of the future mentioned in the major Holy Scriptures, one of peace, unity and everyone getting along with each other, all of a sudden he exclaims: “But wouldn’t life be boring?!”
Chuckles fill the room, accompanied by a few barely discernible nods, and then an expectant pause. It is at this point that he presents this quotation from Shoghi Effendi, a glimpse into the exciting challenges that actually lie in store for the human race:
Destitution on the one hand, and gross accumulation of ownership on the other, will disappear. The enormous energy dissipated and wasted on war, whether economic or political, will be consecrated to such ends as will extend the range of
human inventions and technical development,
to the increase of the productivity of mankind,
to the extermination of disease,
to the extension of scientific research,
to the raising of the standard of physical health,
to the sharpening and refinement of the human brain,
to the exploitation of the unused and unsuspected resources of the planet,
to the prolongation of human life,
and to the furtherance of any other agency that can stimulate the intellectual, the moral, and spiritual life of the entire human race.
(Shoghi Effendi, The World Order of Baha’u'llah, p.204)
Tags: creativity, Toynbee
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Emotional pain is a reality that is given an inadequate amount of attention in the lives of the majority of people. The wounds caused by certain incidents and interactions are not necessarily visibly evident. This causes the pain to be ignored and oftentimes numbed with a large dose of alcohol or through irrational acts that transfer the harm to another individual. These “prescriptions” offer only an escape from the immediate pain. How to properly deal with the hurt is a lesson that society has yet to learn and it is only now that the issue is being given more attention. Only now are psychologists are being sought out, councillors approached and friends confided in on a regular basis. This is a stark contrast to the old way of dealing with emotional damage, which involved sucking it in and suffering in silence. As is often seen with change, the immediate action taken is either excessive or inadequate, nevertheless, society is slowly figuring out how to address it.
