Baha'i Perspectives

nava June 21st, 2009

Silence descends upon an arena of thousands. Only the quiet drumming of hearts beating faster and faster in anticipation pierces the thick hush of a crowd poised to triumph or mourn. In a space filled seconds before with screaming and cheering, all stay perfectly still awaiting the sound- the trumpet blast for some and the executioner’s call for others-of ball in net. Woosh. Gooooaaal!! Thousands jump to their feet. All screaming. Some in celebration. Others in despair. Some avid fans who are easily riled up. Others who actually staked significant sums on that momentous ball-in-net moment.

The drama of it all is not lost on me. The excitement, the rush of blood to the head, the endorphines. I get it. Sports are a big deal. For countless reasons. Some meritorious; others not so much.

Regardless of the pros and cons of local, national and international sporting events, how can any one of us feel comfortable living in a world where a company is willing to shell out 132 million dollars for a soccer player while entire pockets of the population in nearby regions die of malaria because they don’t have access to the 10 dollars needed to purchase a bed net.

Clearly our financial woes are not solely material. Our financial problems are deeply rooted in the decaying morality of a materialistic credo that gorges on frivolity, o.d.’s on self-centered pleasure pursuits and panics at the thought of having to prolong gratification for any considerable amount of time.

Does this mean we should send our money off right now to XY&Z agency so that it can buy mosquito nets for those who need them? Is that the solution? It might help, but it’s like plugging one leak in a dam so filled with holes it’s about 10 seconds away from bursting. I’m not discouraging charity. I’m just saying it’s not enough. A solely material solution to one ramification of a moral crisis is not going to rebuild the dam. Besides, with countless episodes of corrupt leaders whose sticky fingers dripping in greed just can’t seem to find their way out of the money jar, it’s not entirely implausible that your capital will help a self-indulgent hypocrite finance his or her latest vacation home.

The problems are complex. The symptoms are overwhelming. And as a first step we need to rightly diagnose the disease. If we keep insisting that impoverished nations, for instance, need nothing more than money thrown at them, or that populations dying of venerial diseases simply need more condoms, the overwhelming symptoms will not only never disappear, they will continue to amass until there really is no hope.

So then is the solution merely spiritual? Should we all organize 24-hour prayer campaigns and write pretty songs and lengthy blog posts to praise peace and talk about how we’re all one and the children are our future? Is that going to feed the starving children? Is that going to cure the diseased?

For an entire nation to be lifted out of poverty, you can’t just erase debt and then hope the nation doesn’t amass it again.  I don’t think there are easy answers or simple solutions to any of this. You can’t wave a wand and expect fundamental problems to just vanish.  But you can’t avoid problems simply because you don’t have the solutions. These age-old problems need new approaches. The people of the world need to be empowered.  The most oppressed from among us need to have a voice. Not just a venue in which to speak. But they need to actually be given tools to learn how to use their voices.

Part II will focus on what actually constitutes oppression, as well as some of the fledgling movements aimed at empowering all human beings.

Tags: development, empowerment, poverty

• News & Current Affairs , Society
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nooshin June 14th, 2009

I’ve always thought that a good barometer of a person is how they treat those of a “lower” standing, those they don’t have to impress or feel are equal to them.  Ever notice how some people walk past the same security guard day after day, and don’t ever bother to learn his name, or even to acknowledge him?  Or the obsequious middle-manager, who does her best to impress her superiors with her charm and friendliness, but in private will make life hell for the assistant who reports to her?

It’s almost as if our behaviour is governed by the worry of what “other people will think”, and by compliance to social norms.  So, we do things differently when we think no one is watching.  How is it that a queue in a post-office is normally well-behaved and no one would dare to push in, but when we are in our cars we become so bad mannered and aggressive? My theory is that we feel protected by anonymity in our cars, but would have to look people in the eye in the post-office queue.

It was the recent scandal in British politics that has had me thinking a lot about personal accountability and responsibility.  Most of those implicated in the expenses-claim uproar did not contravene the rules per se, and seem to mostly justify their actions by saying that they where only doing what all the rest were too.  Here in South Africa, we have had a similar debate, about gifts given to those in government.  The public discussion was not about whether it was illegal for the minister to accept an expensive car as a gift, but whether it was ethical to do so.

Kitáb-i-Aqdas

In a thesis discussing a variety of subjects relating to society and governance, called “The Secrets of Divine Civilisation”, `Abdu’l-Bahá gives a description of “justice and impartiality”:

This means to have no regard for one’s own personal benefits and selfish advantages, and to carry out the laws of God without the slightest concern for anything else.

So our daily actions, our personal choices, must be made with reference, not to social norms or selfish inclinations, but to the laws of God. This becomes easier when we change our perception and mindset about God’s injunctions: they are not there to restrict or hamper us, but to provide us with loving guidance and ultimate freedom. In the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, the Most Holy Book of the Bahá’í Faith, Bahá’u’lláh describes the laws and codifications of God as “sweet-smelling” and a “choice Wine”.

Say: From My laws the sweet-smelling savour of My garment can be smelled, and by their aid the standards of Victory will be planted upon the highest peaks. The Tongue of My power hath, from the heaven of My omnipotent glory, addressed to My creation these words: “Observe My commandments, for the love of My beauty.”…Think not that We have revealed unto you a mere code of laws. Nay, rather, We have unsealed the choice Wine with the fingers of might and power.

Having been given the guidance, and the personal autonomy to choose for ourselve, we become accountable for our actions and our choices, not to those that can see but to God, and not for material gains, but towards our own personal spiritual path to perfection.

Tags: freedom, justice, laws

• Baha'i Concepts , News & Current Affairs , Principles in Action
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nadim June 8th, 2009

In his book Change and Habit: The Challenge of Our Times, one of the 20th century’s most respected historians, Arnold J. Toynbee, puts his in-depth knowledge of human history and his concerns for its future into focus. He suggests that to avoid self-destruction and move towards unification, humanity must make a radical break from deeply ingrained habits built up over many generations. In his quest to pinpoint these habits, Toynbee examines the would-be world states and would-be world religions that have appeared in human history, considers the impact they have had on our collective identity and then suggests the factors that, once realized, would bring us closer to the dream of a united world. In cross-referencing Toynbee’s findings with the Baha’i writings, we discover a striking harmony between lessons learnt from history and Baha’i guidelines on lasting peace.

WHY the need to look back into history? What can dusty books by grey-haired historians possibly have to offer when FOX news et al are screening “blow-by-blow” coverage of U.S. President Obama’s trip to the Middle East? Well, you may be interested to know that the follow up to Part I of this series also discusses that trip, but not in the way you think it does. First, some context…

2. Culture and the Impact of the Intelligentsia

Imagine a situation where a handful of powerful nations came to an agreement — motivations aside — to forcefully impose a global system of governance on the rest. Would this be effective? Would everyone merely shrug their shoulders and accept it? Not according to the lessons of history, says Toynbee, before listing a host of examples that illustrate his point.

Instead, there should be some universally agreed principles that would form part of a lasting pact. This would in turn would require some degree of uniformity between states. Toynbee ponders the following questions:

Would world government be practicable if it were not underpinned by a certain amount of unity and uniformity in the peoples’ outlooks and ways of life? What is the minimum amount of homogeneity in this field that would be needed? Has this amount of homogeneity been achieved yet? And, if it has not, what is the prospect of its being achieved in the foreseeable future?

When the British ruled India they were faced with a host of dilemmas. How would they go about reconciling prevalent cultural practices with their own notions of moral rightness? Take the practices of female infanticide and of sati (the self-immolation of a widow by burning herself to death on her husband’s funeral pyre). Such practices were seen as abhorrent to the conquerors but sacred form the standpoint of much of the Indian public. At the risk of being forcibly ejected from the country, as had happened to the missionary-minded Portuguese in Japan and Abyssinia, the British government in India eventually banned these practices.

Was this the right thing to do? In hindsight, with such practices now frowned upon and altogether rare, one may confidently assert that it was. But how would one deal with a similar situation today? How would humanity reach a general consensus on the aspects of culture that are conducive to the richness of life and to human upliftment, versus those aspects — be they steeped in tradition or not — that are self-abasing products of the human imagination?

Toynbee credits the phenomenon of the “Westernizing intelligentsia” with breeding a certain level of homogeneity between previously disparate cultures and nations. Intelligentsia is a Russian term that denotes a strata of society engaged in the development and dissemination of culture within a nation (nothing to do with any Soviet-era spy networks!)

Thus the Westernizing intelligentsia, according to Toynbee, spread a way of thinking that sought to reconcile Western expectations with prevalent norms and traditions (often by first mastering the culture of the West). Traces of their influence can clearly be discerned in Russia under Peter the Great, Mustafa Ataturk’s Turkey or the colonial wings of the intelligentsia established in India and elsewhere, under the British Empire. Continue Reading >

Tags: intelligentsia, Toynbee

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leila June 1st, 2009

“Bahá’u'lláh found the world in a ’strange sleep’. But what a disturbance His coming has unloosed!”

Like Washington, it was sticky this time last year in northern Israel.

I had awoken with a start to the chirp of my mobile phone at 2:00 a.m., the fluorescent light glaring “Nasim“.  My alarm had failed to go off, and I had sixty seconds to re-orient, get dressed, and splash some cold water onto my face.

Bahji, aerial view at night.

Harrison drove us to Bahji that night — one part chilly and two parts humid — in a decades-old hand-me-down Benz whose rear window was jammed halfway.  It was the evening commemorating the passing of Bahá’u'lláh, the Prophet-Founder of the Bahá’í Faith, and over a thousand of us — staff, pilgrim, and visitors — shivered in the Haram-i-Aqdas. The warm glow of the lamps that dotted the precincts of surrounding the Shrine of Bahá’u'lláh, adjacent to the mansion in which He passed away (in which He resided in the last years of His life, still a prisoner), gleamed through the wet air.  I struggled to stay awake halfway through the program.  But as the nocturnal birds chirped at the cusp of dawn, Bahá’u'lláh’s words on the eve of His declaration in the Garden of Ridván came to mind:

Consider these nightingales. So great is their love for these roses, that sleepless from dusk till dawn, they warble their melodies and commune with burning passion with the object of their adoration. How then can those who claim to be afire with the rose-like beauty of the Beloved choose to sleep?

***

The stickiness of the evening loomed as I rushed home at half past eight. Though it had ceased raining an hour ago, the neighborhood park, my shortcut home from the metro, was devoid of the life that had occupied it only yesterday: the wet benches where I had lazily lounged last night, reading a book; the dripping basketball hoop that had swooshed against the backdrop of middle-aged chocolate-skinned men disputing a call; the dampened and chewed-up soccer field where Central American jugadores breathlessly raced. I quickened my pace, mindful that I had to crawl into bed early for a nap.

Shastri’s call awoke me at 2:00 a.m.  His ambiguously accented voice — the kind I grew accustomed to last year (if not unknowingly adopting myself) amongst fellow staff members from across the globe — let me know that he was on his way. The air was warm and humid, and I absent-mindedly pulled my unruly hair into a braid as I stumbled out of bed to throw some cold water onto my face.

Kathleen and I crawled out of his car parked near the Best Buy in the Tenleytown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., the streets nearly deserted, and I remarked, “The humidity– it’s as if we were in Bahji tonight.”

“Right, and we’ll circumambulate America’s Qiblih of choice,” Shastri joked, gesturing toward the yellow sign screaming “Best Buy!”

There were just seven of us at the Rassekhs’ home that evening, and the peculiarity of being so awake and alive at 3:00 a.m. hardly registered as the flickering candles reflected in the coffee table’s glass pane.  We arose reverently in their cozy living room to read the Tablet of Visitation (read on Holy Days associated with Bahá’u'lláh) and, like the nightingales in the Ridván Garden, I had the feeling of not wanting to sleep for a very long time.

We feasted on watermelon and pound cake and flatbread with hummus afterward, and washed it down with tea.  And we told stories, animated and forgetting that it was 4:00 a.m. and we had hardly slept.  Mrs. Rassekh recalled the candle-lined pathways of Bahji in the early, darkened hours of May 29, 1992 — the centennial of Bahá’u'lláh’s passing — as one of the many guests invited from every country around the world (they were living in Mali then); Shastri, Kat, and I laughed as we recounted stories from our time working at the Bahá’í World Centre; and we all wistfully remembered the lamps that illuminated that evening in Bahji, and the inevitable rising of the sun on the drive back toward Haifa.

We certainly weren’t at the nerve-center of the Bahá’í world anymore (at the nerve-center of the so-called “free world,” maybe).  But as I arose to face eastward for the Tablet of Visitation, I remembered something that my friend had said earlier that evening that tempered my nostalgia, in a phone call prior to my nap.

We had been discussing plans for our Saturday afternoon children’s class in a mostly Salvadoran neighborhood.  Our class was composed of beaming children filled with the capacity for excellence, whose attention would drift as police sirens cackled by at intervals, who were unruffled by the drunken, muttering loiterers who occupied the urban playground where we lay our picnic blanket and discussed the light of unity being so powerful as to illuminate the whole earth.

As the conversation hovered to a close, it drifted to the topic of waking up in the middle of the night for this holy evening.  He recounted how, growing up, his family would go to the Bahá’í House of Worship in Chicago on that night.  His grandfather, among the last living Hands of the Cause and in the twilight of his years, never failed to remind him to say a special prayer on those evenings filled with spiritual potency.

And so we agreed to remember in our prayers those children that had come into our lives so fortuitously. The spirit of the teachings of this Manifestation, whose passing we were commemorating, were, sometimes gradually, touching their tender lives, and certainly infusing the world with a power, the source of which many are as yet unaware.

Bahá’u'lláh found the world in a ’strange sleep’. But what a disturbance His coming has unloosed! The peoples of the earth had been separated, many parts of the human race socially and spiritually isolated. But the world of humanity today bears little resemblance to that which Bahá’u'lláh left a century ago. Unbeknownst to the great majority, His influence permeates all living beings. Indeed, no domain of life remains unaffected. In the burgeoning energy, the magnified perspectives, the heightened global consciousness; in the social and political turbulence, the fall of kingdoms, the emancipation of nations, the intermixture of cultures, the clamour for development; in the agitation over the extremes of wealth and poverty, the acute concern over the abuse of the environment, the leap of consciousness regarding the rights of women; in the growing tendency towards ecumenism, the increasing call for a new world order; in the astounding advances in the realms of science, technology, literature and the arts — in all this tumult, with its paradoxical manifestations of chaos and order, integration and disintegration, are the signs of His power as World Reformer, the proof of His claim as Divine Physician, the truth of His Word as the All-Knowing Counsellor.

Tribute by the Universal House of Justice to Bahá’u'lláh on the Centenary of His Passing, http://info.bahai.org/article-1-3-6-2.html

Tags: Baha'u'llah

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