Archive for April, 2008

Summer Excitement

Baha'i Perspectives April 15th, 2008

As summer approaches in Europe, a number of national Baha’i communities are preparing for their annual youth conferences and summer schools, many of which will have special guest speakers in attendance.

At www.europeanbahai.org, you can find information on how to register as well as links to event-specific web sites. All are invited to attend.

Here are a few brief snippets taken from the site:

  • Polish Summer School 2008 — The Polish Summer School will take place this year from the 25th to 30th of July in Serock, approx. 50km away from Warsaw. The venue is a beautiful old palace, recently refurbished and renovated and located in a peaceful area (kind of forest) nearby a lake. (more information: http://www.owjadwisin.pl/eng.shtml)… The theme for the summer school will be ‘Christianity and the Baha’i Faith’ and we are privileged to have two outstanding speakers for this topic – Mr. Jeremy Fox and Dr. Khazeh Fananapazir – coming to our school.
  • Hungarian Summer School 2008 — The Hungarian Bahá’í Summer School will be held in Fadd-Dombori, 20 kms to the South of Dunaujvaros, on the Danube. Date of the Summer School is from 27 July to 2 August 2008. Guest speakers will be Mr. Hartmut and Mrs. Ursula Grossman.
  • Welsh Baha’i Summer School — You and your family are warmly invited to the Welsh Baha’i Summer School; a school that promises to nurture hearts and to raise spirits through devotion, study and recreation. This year’s summer school will be held near the heart of city of Cardiff.
  • Revival: a Forum for Young Adults 2008 (United Kingdom) — County Durham, UK. 22nd – 25th August 2008. This event offers participants the opportunity to discover how they can integrate their lives spiritually and practically, and to meet and socialise with like-minded people.
  • Arts Week – Summer 2008 (The Netherlands) — Location: The Netherlands, Conference Centre de Poort (www.depoort.org). Dates: 13 July – 18 July 2008.
  • Sicilian Youth Conference — In San Michele di Ganzaria. Minimum age: 14. Language: Italian. Dates: 19-23 August, 2008.

…and plenty more.

All in all, it looks like an exciting summer of activity ahead!

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Social Networks: The Experiment

leila April 12th, 2008

Facebook Friend WheelIt started out as a twenty-four hour experiment: did I have enough self-control to not log onto Facebook for one day?

The idea was borne out of several conversations I’d had with friends, one stemming from a recent article published in Newsweek, about sites like Facebook, Flickr, MySpace, and YouTube, that this generation of youth use to document their lives online.

Relative to others, I’d thought my interaction with Facebook was minimal. But I’d noticed that, regardless of my infrequent usage, something clicked after I read the article (see previous post).

Social networking sites can be powerful tools. Without Facebook, for example, I wouldn’t be able to catch a daily glimpse of my sister’s life, who lives an ocean apart in San Francisco. Whenever I visit my hometown, it’s the easiest way to reconnect with an old high school friend, whose constant email address changes I can’t keep up with, for our yearly catch-up dinners. A friend in London messaged me on Facebook last week, bouncing off ideas about her master’s thesis.

But the article’s argument resonated with me. The author argues that these sites have cultivated a generation of youth more self-absorbed than those past; that today’s youth are “masters of their own images,” and can compare or scrutinize their images with those of their friends, with remarkable ease.

Facebook gives me a lens into the details of my friends’ and acquaintances’ lives that at times seems a bit too intimate. And sometimes, exposure to those details lead to all sorts of personal tests. When confronted with friends’ behavior that I didn’t agree with, would I judge them? If I saw photos of a party to which I hadn’t been invited, would it sting more than if I had heard about it in passing?

As a Bahá’í, I’ve been raised with the notion of concentrating on refining my own character, rather than dwelling on others’ faults. But I found that I was allowing Facebook invite all sorts of unhelpful habits to my own growth.

‘Abdu’l-Bahá, the Son of Bahá’u’lláh and His appointed successor, was once asked “How shall I overcome seeing the faults of others— recognizing the wrong in others?” He replied:

I will tell you. Whenever you recognize the fault of another, think of yourself! What are my imperfections?—and try to remove them. Do this whenever you are tried through the words or deeds of others. Thus you will grow, become more perfect. You will overcome self, you will not even have time to think of the faults of others…

(Star of the West, Volume 8, No. 10, page 138)

How would I be able to focus on removing my own imperfections, if I couldn’t help but see others’ on Facebook?

And so, one morning, I decided: I wouldn’t visit Facebook for twenty-four hours.

It turned out to be surprisingly easy. So easy, in fact, that a week later, I’ve easily stuck with it. This is what I’ve learned.

‘Abdu’l-Bahá speaks of those who “renounce themselves, forget their own opinions, cast aside personalities and are thinking of the welfare of others,” saying:

Whosoever has lost himself, has found the universe and the inhabitants thereof! Whosoever is occupied with himself is wandering in the desert of heedlessness and regret! The master-key of self-mastery is self-forgetfulness. The road to the palace of life is through the path of renunciation.

(Star of the West, vol. XVII, p. 348)

What was happening, instead—and many of my friends have confessed this themselves—was that, by being exposed to unnaturally intimate details of each others’ lives, with all its ramifications, it was easy to become occupied with the superficial. What I wanted was to retain a sense of “self-forgetfulness,” and to let my thoughts and actions turn more toward “the welfare of others,” rather than be lost, as ‘Abdu’l-Bahá said, in “heedlessness and regret.”

So yes, I may log in to see what photos someone has tagged of my faraway sister, and I’ll send personal messages to friends who contact me. It’s nice to know that my virtual persona still exists out in the ether, for those to find me if they need to. I’ve found that social-networking sites, used in moderation, are incredibly useful.

But what I’ve also discovered is that, by reducing my activity on Facebook, I’ve gradually shifted my thinking. They say ignorance is bliss, and it’s true: ignorance of the minutiae of other people’s lives is a blissful thing, and a completely underrated aspect of our parents’ generation. But it’s also shifted my thoughts to something more positive and productive. Shoghi Effendi eloquently counsels us in this regard:

The more we search for ourselves, the less likely we are to find ourselves; and the more we search for God, and to serve our fellow-men, the more profoundly will we become acquainted with ourselves, and the more inwardly assured. This is one of the great spiritual laws of life.

(From a letter written on behalf of Shoghi Effendi to an individual believer, February 18, 1954)

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Churnalism

nadim April 9th, 2008

scribe.jpgChurnalism refers to “the practice of regurgitating material, rapidly and under pressure, from outside sources without checking“.

This phrase, coined by National Union of Journalists member Nick Davies, is a reaction to the changing face of journalism. Journalists, according to him, have gone from becoming active gatherers of information to passive distributors of news from second hand sources. This is all in an industry that is struggling to come to grips with the sudden 24-hour demand for information brought about by the Internet boom.

Where once journalists were seen travelling out and about in the search for facts, a large majority are now, literally, chained to their desks waiting for the next major scoop; eager to be the first to report on the topic and thus draw traffic to their news sites.

Because of this new trend, it has become increasingly common for public relations sources with a particular economic, social or political bent to have a major influence on the content of information that is disseminated.

It all starts with a story by an “unnamed source”, or perhaps even a factual story, the contents of which are altered by acts of omission or commission. Once the press release is disseminated to the news media — and there are very effective mechanisms in place for doing this — the rapidity with which the same article appears on different news sites is astonishing. The only difference between articles is the (typically sensationalist) headline.

For a demonstration, try this:

  • Go to a news aggregator such as www.newsnow.co.uk.
  • Type in a current news topic which interests you. I have been following the election situation in Zimbabwe, so I typed in ‘Zimbabwe’.
  • Compare the stories as they appear — and spot the repetitive trend.

I listened to a debate recently on the BBC World Service between an advocate for journalistic standards and a Public Relations representative. Whilst the advocate rightly spoke about the need for discovery of facts before releasing articles, the Public Relations representative argued that we should accept the reality that there will always be biases, and that it doesn’t really matter anyway, because people are smart enough to be able to filter out truth from falsities.

I disagree.

In one of His Tablets, Baha’u'llah addresses these words to the news-writers of the world:

The pages of swiftly-appearing newspapers are indeed the mirror of the world. They reflect the deeds and the pursuits of divers peoples and kindreds. They both reflect them and make them known. They are a mirror endowed with hearing, sight and speech. This is an amazing and potent phenomenon. However, it behoveth the writers thereof to be purged from the promptings of evil passions and desires and to be attired with the raiment of justice and equity. They should enquire into situations as much as possible and ascertain the facts, then set them down in writing… Fair speech and truthfulness, by reason of their lofty rank and position, are regarded as a sun shining above the horizon of knowledge.

Journalists may not be fully aware of the impact they have on people’s perceptions of a situation, perceptions which are magnified when the same story is “corroborated” on hundreds of sites. I have witnessed how overly negative perceptions have affected entire national industries, which in turn have affected entire national economies, with the net effect being the eventual devastation of people’s livelihoods.

So the question is, can individuals who merely read the news be held accountable when faced with an overwhelming body of information that supports a single view of a situation?

Ultimate accountability clearly rests on the shoulders of journalists, news executives, reporters, bloggers and anyone else whose job it is to deliver factual information the public.

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Social Networks: Are We Being Carried Down Stream?

leila April 6th, 2008

eye-magnifying-glass-small.jpgFacebook, YouTube, MySpace, Flickr, and the rest: though different websites with distinct aims, they all serve the purpose of connecting an increasingly interconnected generation of youth to one another.

Yet a recent article published in Newsweek also argues that such sites are contributing to the magnifying glass that has become the lens by which a generation of teenagers and twenty somethings examine each others’, and their own, lives.

This lens can be a positive thing. With Facebook and MySpace, it’s becoming easier to keep in touch with long-lost friends, and to share with others one’s thoughts, milestones, and life developments.

But the author of the article suggests that these tools are increasingly becoming used in excess by young people which, on top of the many monikers placed on this generation, she labels as the “Look at Me” generation.

Today’s youth, the author writes, are arguably so consumed with documenting their own lives, and displaying them to others, she wonders if they actually enjoy those parties or adventuresome trips they meticulously photograph, to be promptly published online the next morning.

At their best, social networking sites and image/video-sharing sites let us keep up with the pursuits of friends both near and far. But, as the author points out, they have similarly cultivated a generation of youth that is more self-absorbed than those past. Calling them “masters of their own images,” they’re able to create any impression of their lives they’d like to portray, sometimes to excess. She further highlights the ease with which one can scrutinize or compare others’ lives.

So, while social networking and other such sites are helpful tools to stay in touch with friends, they likewise have forced this generation to confront a very difficult test: the preoccupation with self and, sometimes, the petty preoccupation with others.

Shoghi Effendi, the great-grandson of Bahá’u’lláh (the Prophet-Founder of the Bahá’í Faith), who led the Faith until his passing in 1957, sheds light upon the difficulties of “ego”:

Life is a constant struggle, not only against forces around us, but above all against our own ‘ego’. We can never afford to rest on our oars, for if we do, we soon see ourselves carried down stream again.

For those of us who use these social networking sites, we face a certain challenge. Do we misuse the “magnifying glass” these sites provide into the intimate details of our friends’ and acquaintances’ lives as a means to judge or criticize others? To compare our accomplishments, becoming a bit too proud of (or, conversely, dissatisfied with) our pursuits in comparison with our friends’? Is our focus on others’ faults, rather than our own? Do we obsess over self and image?

These were the thoughts that ran through my head last week. And as a consequence, I decided to embark on a little experiment.

To be continued in Part II: The Experiment.

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Freedom

nooshin April 2nd, 2008

Freedom is like health: you only really notice it when you don’t have it. I read something last week which reminded me that I wasn’t born free. That for the first nine years of my life, I had to hide my faith, and to be ever-vigilant so that no one found out that my family is Bahá’í:

Bahá’í school children in Iran are being subjected to cruel and harsh treatment as part of a government-sponsored campaign against the Bahá’í community. Reports indicate that Baha’i pupils are secretly monitored and reported upon by school officials, are subjected to vilification by their teachers and school administrators, and are forced to listen to vile and outrageous tales about the teachings of their Faith and the moral behavior of Baha’is.

A Baha’i home firebombedI had flashbacks to my life before we escaped (over the border into Pakistan) when I was 9 and my baby brother was 4. We would have to hide the prayer books when strangers were in the house; we would have to walk to other  Bahá’í homes, arriving separately so that no one could get suspicious. I remember the night a member of my extended family was released from prison (where he had been for years, because he was a Bahá’í) and the conversation I had with my father, about why the “uncle” didn’t just lie and say he was no longer a Bahá’í so that he could have been freed. I remember how upset my childishly simple logic made my father, who explained to me the importance of faith and certitude and steadfastness, even in the face of adversity.

My father knew what he was talking about: my grandmother had been in labour with him while the towns people were attacking and burning down the door of my grandparents’ house. He had to walk to school, facing the taunts of ignorant children, who were taught that it is a blessing to revile and attack Bahá’ís. He was denied educational and job opportunities because of his faith. And until his last breath, my father was steadfast in his beliefs and filled with a love for humanity that transcended all the hardships he had endured.

My family’s story is unfortunately not unique. A very good summary is available on this site, along with supporting documentation and testimonials:

The persecution of Bahá’ís in Iran has been taking place since the religion began there in the mid-nineteenth century. More than 200 Bahá’ís were killed in Iran between 1978 and 1998, the majority by execution, and thousands more were imprisoned…Bahá’ís in Iran are systematically denied jobs, pensions and the right to inherit property. More than 10,000 Bahá’ís have been dismissed from government and university posts since Iran’s 1979 revolution.

It has been years since I had a nightmare about being taken away from my parents in the middle of the night, something I was convinced was possible even in the seemingly safe Zimbabwean suburb we finally settled in. But for so many of my Bahá’í brothers and sisters, my childhood nightmare is their heartbreaking reality.

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Moral Character Must Come First

Baha'i Perspectives April 2nd, 2008

Good behaviour and high moral character must come first, for unless the character be trained, acquiring knowledge will only prove injurious. Knowledge is praiseworthy when it is coupled with ethical conduct  and virtuous character; otherwise it is a deadly poison, a frightful danger. A physician of evil character, and who betrayeth his trust, can bring on death, and become the source of numerous infirmities and diseases.

(Abdu’l-Baha, From a Tablet, translated from the Persian)

All over the world, Baha’is are taking this lesson to heart and establishing classes for children, open to all, that develop spiritual and moral habits. To do this effectively, however, they are training themselves first.

There are seven books that currently comprise what the Baha’i community calls the Ruhi Books. They form a sequence of courses used to train participants to become resources for their community’s development. Each book in the sequence offers training in a different line of action that builds on the lessons learned in the earlier books. Book 3 of this sequence trains people to become teachers of classes for children that develop spiritual and moral habits. As with the rest of the sequence, these classes are free of charge, and open to all who wish to make a difference in their local communities.

There are many places where these classes are having a profound impact on peoples’ lives.

If you would like to find out more about the Ruhi training sequence, contact the Baha’i community in your area.

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